E472c Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides: Halal or Haram?

Doubtful

An E471 relative. E472c (Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides) is doubtful. On German labels: Citronensäureester von Mono- und Diglyceriden.

Plant oil or animal fat: the label does not say which

Why it is doubtful

Same source question as E471.

Halal or not depends on what it is made from

E472c is Mushbooh: Halal when it comes from plants or a Halal source, not when it comes from pork.

Made from	Verdict	Why
Plant oils (soy, palm, sunflower, rapeseed)	Halal	No animal involved
Made synthetically	Halal	No animal involved
Fat from a Halal-slaughtered animal	Halal	Lawful animal, slaughtered correctly
Fat from an animal not slaughtered the Islamic way	Haram	Not slaughtered correctly (see the scholarly view: some schools accept it after chemical change)
Pork fat	Haram	Pork
Halal-certified product	Halal	A certifier checked the source
Source not stated on the label	Mushbooh	European labels do not have to say which

Scholarly view

Schools of law

Hanafi & MalikiAs with E471: a plant or synthetic ester is Halal, and where a forbidden source has been chemically changed into a new substance (istihala), these two schools accept it.

Depends on source

Shafi'i & HanbaliThey apply the same rule about the source, but do not accept that processing makes a forbidden origin acceptable again — so it stays impermissible. Plant and synthetic esters are Halal in all four schools.

Depends on source

Certification bodies

Certifiers — Dept. of Islamic Development Malaysia / Halal Food Authority, UKPlant-based esters are certified Halal (the common industrial source is palm/soy).JAKIM — Halal Malaysia Portal ↗HFA FAQ ↗

Permissible

Fatwa councils, scholars and other sources

All authorities (as E471)These esters carry the identical plant-vs-animal-fat question as E471.HalalCodeCheck ↗

Depends on source

Only views with a published source are listed. Our app shows E472c as Mushbooh unless the label or the maker settles the source.

Where you meet it

Margarine, sausages, sauces.

What to do in the shop

Look for a product that names the source, says plant-based or vegan, or carries a Halal certificate. If nothing on the packet settles it, the manufacturer can tell you, and their answer is the only thing that turns E472c from a question into an answer.

A status here describes the additive in general, and a specific product can be different. The same number can be made from plant or animal material depending on the manufacturer, and the label does not say which.

Questions people ask

Is E472c Halal?

E472c (Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides) is doubtful. Same source question as E471.

How do I know if the E472c in a product is Halal?

Only the manufacturer can tell you which source they used, unless the packet says plant-based, vegan, or carries a Halal certificate.

Products we checked that contain E472c

HARIBO Rainbow Fizz Vegan · Confirmed by the manufacturer
HARIBO Balla Stixx Limo Mixx sauer · Mushbooh
HARIBO Pico-Balla · Mushbooh
HARIBO Pixel Sauer! · Mushbooh

Related additives

E472 Esters of mono- and diglycerides · Doubtful
E472a Acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides · Doubtful
E472b Lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides · Doubtful

See all E-numbers →

Read this in Turkish: E472c helal mi? →

Products we asked the manufacturer about →

Check a product, not just a number

An additive's status describes the additive in general. What matters is the whole ingredient list on the packet in your hand.

This is information, not a fatwa. These statuses combine published scholarly positions with ingredient analysis, and they can be incomplete or out of date. For anything that matters, confirm with the manufacturer and with a qualified authority.